Davies E.B. Science in the Looking Glass: What Do Scientists Really Know?

Oxford University Press, 2007. — x, 295иp. — ISBN 978-0-19-852543-1, 978-0-19-921918-6.How do scientific conjectures become laws? Why does proof mean different things in different sciences? Do numbers exist, or were they invented? Why do some laws turn out to be wrong? In this wide-ranging book, Brian Davies discusses the basis for scientists' claims to knowledge about the world. He looks at science historically, emphasizing not only the achievements of scientists from Galileo onwards, but also their mistakes. He rejects the claim that all scientific knowledge is provisional, by citing examples from chemistry, biology and geology. A major feature of the book is its defence of the view that mathematics was invented rather than discovered. While experience has shown that disentangling knowledge from opinion and aspiration is a hard task, this book provides a clear guide to the difficulties. Full of illuminating examples and quotations, and with a scope ranging from psychology and evolution to quantum theory and mathematics, this book brings alive issues at the heart of all science.Perception and Language.
Preamble.
Light and Vision.
Language.
Notes and References.
Theories of the Mind.
Preamble.
Mind-Body Dualism.
Varieties of Consciousness.
Notes and References.
Arithmetic.
How Hard can Problems Get?.
Pure Mathematics.Origins.
Greek Mathematics.
The Search for Foundations.
Against Foundations.
The Real Number System.
The Computer Revolution.
Notes and References.
Mechanics and Astronomy.
Seventeenth Century Astronomy.
Laplace and Determinism.
Chaos in the Solar System.
Hyperion.
Molecular Chaos.
A Trip to Infinity.
The Theory of Relativity.
Discussion.
Notes and References.
Probability and Quantum Theory.
The Theory of Probability.
Quantum Theory.
Notes and References.
Is Evolution a Theory?.
Against Reductionism.
Some Final Thoughts.
Bibliography.
Index.