Nelson D.L., Cox M.M. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

4th edition. — W.H. Freeman and Company, 2004. — 1119 p.The fourth edition of Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry stays true to the vision of its predecessors while embracing the advances made in biochemical research since the previous edition. As always, the book presents the fundamentals of biochemistry through selected topics, and emphasizes the most important recent developments and applications without abandoning the classical core of the subject. The new edition has been carefully streamlined to reduce the length of the book without compromising content. As with previous editions, it emphasizes clear prose and student-friendly explanations to optimize student comprehension. It also contains a groundbreaking new treatment of metabolic regulation, up-to-date coverage of DNA-based information technologies, many new applications and problems, and a new graphical style for enzyme reaction mechanisms, including step-by-step annotations that clarify the concepts and chemical logic of enzymatic reactions.The Foundations of Biochemistry
Cellular Foundations
Chemical Foundations
Physical Foundations
Genetic Foundations
Evolutionary FoundationsStructure and Catalysis
Water
Weak Interactions in Aqueous Systems
Ionization of Water, Weak Acids, and Weak Bases
Buffering against pH Changes in Biological Systems
Water as a Reactant
The Fitness of the Aqueous Environment for Living Organisms
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Amino Acids
Peptides and Proteins
Working with Proteins
The Covalent Structure of Proteins
Protein Sequences and Evolution
The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins
Overview of Protein Structure
Protein Secondary Structure
Protein Tertiary and Quaternary Structures
Protein Denaturation and Folding
Protein Function
Reversible Binding of a Protein to a Ligand: Oxygen-Binding Proteins
Complementary Interactions between Proteins and Ligands: The Immune System and Immunoglobulins
Protein Interactions Modulated by Chemical Energy: Actin, Myosin, and Molecular Motors
Enzymes
An Introduction to Enzymes
How Enzymes Work
Enzyme Kinetics as An Approach to Understanding Mechanism
Examples of Enzymatic Reactions
Regulatory Enzymes
Carbohydrates and Glycobiology
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Glycoconjugates: Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins, and Glycolipids
Carbohydrates as Informational Molecules: The Sugar Code
Working with Carbohydrates
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Some Basics
Nucleic Acid Structure
Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Other Functions of Nucleotides
DNA-Based Information Technologies
DNA Cloning: The Basics
From Genes to Genomes
From Genomes to Proteomes
Genome Alterations and New Products of Biotechnology
Lipids
Storage Lipids
Structural Lipids in Membranes
Lipids as Signals, Cofactors, and Pigments
Working with Lipids
Biological Membranes and Transport
The Composition and Architecture of Membranes
Membrane Dynamics
Solute Transport across Membranes
Biosignaling
Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Transduction
Gated Ion Channels
Receptor Enzymes
G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Second Messengers
Multivalent Scaffold Proteins and Membrane Rafts
Signaling in Microorganisms and Plants
Sensory Transduction in Vision, Olfaction, and Gustation
Regulation of Transcription by Steroid Hormones
Regulation of the Cell Cycle by Protein Kinases
Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor Genes, and Programmed Cell DeathBioenergetics and Metabolism
Principles of Bioenergetics
Bioenergetics and Thermodynamics
Phosphoryl Group Transfers and ATP
Biological Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Glycolysis
Feeder Pathways for Glycolysis
Fates of Pyruvate under Anaerobic Conditions: Fermentation
Gluconeogenesis
Pentose Phosphate Pathway of Glucose Oxidation
Principles of Metabolic Regulation, Illustrated with Glucose and Glycogen Metabolism
The Metabolism of Glycogen in Animals
Regulation of Metabolic Pathways
Coordinated Regulation of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
Coordinated Regulation of Glycogen Synthesis and Breakdown
Analysis of Metabolic Control
The Citric Acid Cycle
Production of Acetyl-CoA (Activated Acetate)
Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle
Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle
The Glyoxylate Cycle
Fatty Acid Catabolism
Digestion, Mobilization, and Transport of Fats
Oxidation of Fatty Acids
Ketone Bodies
Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea
Metabolic Fates of Amino Groups
Nitrogen Excretion and the Urea Cycle
Pathways of Amino Acid Degradation
Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation
Oxidative Phosporylation
Electron-Transfer Reactions in Mitochondria
ATP Synthesis
Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation
Mitochondrial Genes: Their Origin and the Effects of Mutations
The Role of Mitochondria in Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress
Photosynthesis: Harvesting Light Energy
General Features of Photophosphorylation
Light Absorption
The Central Photochemical Event: Light-Driven Electron Flow
ATP Synthesis by Photophosphorylation
Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria
Photosynthetic Carbohydrate Synthesis
Photorespiration and the C and CAM Pathways
Biosynthesis of Starch and Sucrose
Synthesis of Cell Wall Polysaccharides: Plant Cellulose and Bacterial Peptidoglycan
Integration of Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Plant Cell
Lipid Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids
Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerols
Biosynthesis of Membrane Phospholipids
Biosynthesis of Cholesterol, Steroids, and Isoprenoids
Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism
Biosynthesis of Amino Acids
Molecules Derived from Amino Acids
Biosynthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides
Integration and Hormonal Regulation of Mammalian Metabolism
Tissue-Specific Metabolism: The Division of Labor
Hormonal Regulation of Fuel Metabolism
Long Term Regulation of Body Mass
Hormones: Diverse Structures for Diverse FunctionsInformation Pathways
Genes and Chromosomes
Chromosomal Elements
DNA Supercoiling
The Structure of Chromosomes
DNA Metabolism
DNA Replication
DNA Repair
DNA Recombination
RNA Metabolism
DNA-Dependent Synthesis of RNA
RNA Processing
RNA-Dependent Synthesis of RNA and DNA
Protein Metabolism
The Genetic Code
Protein Synthesis
Protein Targeting and Degradation
Regulation of Gene Expression
Principles of Gene Regulation
Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes