Leeuw K.M.M., Bergstra J. The History of Information Security: A Comprehensive Handbook

Elsevier Science, 2007. - 887 p. - ISBN: 0444516085Information Security is usually achieved through a mix of technical, organizational and legal measures. These may include the application of cryptography, the hierarchical modeling of organizations in order to assure confidentiality, or the distribution of accountability and responsibility by law, among interested parties.