Knopp T., Buzug T.M. Magnetic particle imaging. An Introduction to Imaging Principles and Scanner Instrumentation

Springer, 2012, 208 p.This volume provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in magnetic particle imaging (MPI), a novel imaging modality. Using various static and oscillating magnetic fields, and tracer materials made from iron oxide nanoparticles, MPI can perform background-free measurements of the particles’ local concentration. The method exploits the nonlinear remagnetization behavior of the particles and has the potential to surpass current methods for the detection of iron oxide in terms of sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Starting from an introduction to the technology, the topics addressed include setting up an imaging device, assessment of image quality, development of new MPI tracer materials, and the first preclinical results. This is the first book to be published on magnetic particle imaging, and it will be an invaluable source of information for everyone with an interest in this exciting new modality.MPI in the Context of Medical Imaging.
Historical Perspective.
Structure of the Book.
How Magnetic Particle Imaging Works.
Magnetic Particles.
Signal Generation and Acquisition.
Spatial Encoding: Selection Field.
Performance Upgrade: Drive Field.
Performance Upgrade: Focus Field.
Limitations of MPI.
How to Build an MPI Scanner.
Magnetic Field Generation.
Generic MPI Coil Configuration.
Generic MPI Signal Chain.
Prior to Reconstruction – The System Function.
Signal Equation in Time Space.
Signal Equation in Frequency Space.
1D System Function.
2D System Function.
3D System Function.
Discrete Signal Equation.
How to Determine the System Function.
From Data to Images: Reconstruction.
Least-Squares Solution.
Discrete Ill-Posed Problems.
Regularization Methods.
Choosing the Weighting Matrix.
Iterative Solvers.
Special System Topologies.
Single-Sided Imaging.
Field-Free Line Imaging.
MPI/MRI Hybrid Systems.
Putting MPI to Use: Applications.
Cardiovascular.
Oncology, Sentinel Lymph Node Imaging, and Hyperthermia.
Cell Labeling and Tracking.
Gastrointestinal and Lung Imaging.
Fundamentals of Electromagnetism.
Maxwell’s Equations.
Constitutive Relations.
Bound Currents.
Quasi-static Approximation.
Time-Independent Current Distribution.
Magnetic Fields.
Magnetic Vector Potential.
Biot-Savart Law.
Coil Sensitivity.
Electromagnetic Induction.
Single-Wire Coil.
Volume Coil.
Law of Reciprocity.
Coil Coupling.