Hanna M.H., Soules J.G. (Eds.) Wind Loads for Petrochemical and Other Industrial Facilities

Task Committee on Wind-Induced Forces of the Petrochemical Committee of the Energy Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. — 168 pages, ISBN: 0784411808 9780784411803This book provides state-of-the-practice guidelines for the computation of wind-induced forces on industrial facilities with structural features outside the scope of current codes and standards. Without adequate standards, companies and their engineers developed techniques to calculate the wind loads for their facilities.This report is intended for use by engineers who design industrial facilities and assumes familiarity with Standard ASCE 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. It will also be useful to company managers who are responsible for establishing wind-load design and construction standards and to local building authorities.The result is a wide variation in practice and inconsistent structural reliability. To encourage uniform wind load calculations, this report first reviews existing design practices for pipe racks and bridges, open and partially clad frame structures, vessels, tanks, steel stacks, cooling towers, and air coolers.Then, recommended guidelines are presented for design methods and the analytical determination of wind loads. Worked calculations for six example situations are included to illustrate the application of the recommended guidelines.Background
State of the Practice
Purpose of Report
BackgroundKey Wind Engineering Concepts
Aerodynamics of Open Frame Structures
Aerodynamics of Partially Clad Structures
Aerodynamics of Vertical Vessels
Other Wind Loading Codes, Standards, and Guides
Research Progress and Future Needs
Review of Existing Desion PracticesSurvey of Existing Pracdcesand Impacts of First Edition Guidelines
Existing Design Practices for Structures New to Second Edition
Recommended Guidelines Part I: Design Considerations and MethodsHistorical Performance
Wind Tunnel Testing
CFD Commentary
Load Combinations
Special Considerations for LNG Facilities
Evaluation of Wind Loads on Existing Structures
Wind Load Analysis Uncertainty
Recommended Guidelines Part II: Analytical Determination of Wind Loads
General
Pipe Racks
Open Frame Structures
Partially Clad Structures.
Pressure Vessels
Cooling Towers
Air Cooled Heat Exchanger (Air Coolers or Fin Fans)
Alternate Method for Determining C/and Load Combinations for Open Frame Structures
High-Solidity Open Frame Structures
ExamplesPipe Rack and Pipe Bridge Example
Open Frame Examples
Partially Clad Structure Example
Pressure Vessels Example
Cooling Tower Example